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Share This: Linkedin Facebook Twitter. All individuals who currently or will work with lasers are responsible for knowing and adhering to applicable requirements as stated in this manual. Failure of any individual to comply with requirements can cause injury as well as jeopardize the research, the laboratory involved, and the institution.
This manual provides the laser safety policies and procedures we have implemented to ensure a safe environment for all users, including students, visitors, and the public in research and teaching environments. Our goal is to ensure a safe working environment consistent with our policy, which is guided by ANSI Z The Laser Safety Officer LSO is authorized to monitor safety control measures for laser hazards and to take steps necessary to control and mitigate those hazards including restricting or terminating laser operations.
In addition, changes are proposed to the section on Engineering Controls as shown below. This change would require individuals to document and obtain approval for deviations from the ANSI standard. Upon review and approval by the LSO, the control measure requirements specified in this manual may be replaced by other controls that provide equivalent protection.
If alternate control measures are used, all directly affected persons must be provided appropriate laser safety and operational training. Alternate control measures must be documented in a written SOP. Contact the LSO for review prior to servicing or system modification. The LSO will conduct a hazard evaluation of the laser work area and make necessary recommendations. Each officially registered laser or laser system will be provided a CLA number and a laser identification tag.
Information on the laser identification tag will include:. A new laser identification tag will be provided. The LSO must also be notified if the laser is transferred off-campus. The LSO must be notified when a Class 3b or 4 laser is sold or disposed of and will coordinate with the hazardous Waste Program, as appropriate.
When used as intended Class 1, 2, and 3R laser systems are generally low hazard devices; however some requirements still apply. If it is determined that the classification associated with the maximum level of accessible radiation is Class 3b or 4, a laser-controlled area is established and control measures instituted.
Control measures are only required within the NHZ. Class 4 laser control areas must incorporate all Class 3b control measures, plus the following :. A lighted laser warning sign or flashing light visible through protective eyewear is acceptable entryway warning light alternatives.
The engineering control measures required for Class 3b and 4 lasers are listed below. Where specific engineering controls are infeasible they may be replaced with specific administrative and procedural controls and personal protective equipment PPE with prior review by the LSO.
See the glossary for additional explanation of each feature. Administrative and procedural controls are methods or instructions that specify rules, or work practices, or both, which implement or supplement engineering controls.
Necessary administrative and procedural controls for 3b and 4 laser and laser systems include, but are not limited to:. Appropriate eye protection devices must be worn when working with Class 3b and Class 4 lasers or laser systems. Eyewear must be specifically selected to withstand either direct or diffusely scattered beams and shall meet all provisions of ANSI Z Skin protection can best be achieved through engineering controls.
Minimize exposure to UV radiation by using beam shields and clothing opaque gloves, tightly woven fabrics, laboratory jacket or coat which attenuate the radiation to levels below the MPE for specific UV wavelengths. Consider flame-retardant materials forClass 4 lasers Special attention must be given to the possibility of producing undesirable reactions in the presence of UV radiation formation of skin sensitizing agents, ozone, etc.
Exterior or interior windows that are located within the NHZ of a Class 3b or Class 4 laser of laser system must be provided with appropriate absorbing filter, scattering filter, blocking barrier or screen to reduce any transmitted laser radiation to levels below the applicable MPE level. Important factors for selection include: ability to withstand direct and diffusely scattered beams, flammability and decomposition products of the window material.
A blocking barrier, screen or curtain which can block or filter the laser beam at the entryway should be used inside the controlled area to prevent Class 3b or Class 4 laser light from exiting the area at levels above the applicable MPE level.
Compliance is voluntary unless specifically required by some alliance. At present, the following ANSI standards can be useful in laser safety matters:. This is the master or "parent" standard in the Z series. Originally published in , this standard has gone through revisions in , , , and Revisions are currently being considered by the committee for the next publication which should occur in The Z ANSI Z The standard is limited to OFCS that emit at power levels at or below 0. The significant variation between the two standards lies in the definition of a Maximum Permissible Irradiance MPI value based upon a 5 mm limiting aperture in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions.
This is in contrast to the larger 7mm limiting aperture used in this spectral region in the ANSI Z The publication includes an extensive appendix that details suggested practice in fourteen medical subspecialty areas. Although the appendix is not technically a part of the standard. Major emphasis is included on the associated hazard topics of airborne contaminants "plume" and electrical and fire hazards. The information in the base of the standard has been kept less mathematical and refers the reader frequently to the ANSI Z Control measures are identical, in most cases, to the master standards, with items special to medical laser systems foot pedals, output calibration, QC and safety audits, etc.
This document, authored by the NFPA's Electrical Code Committee, is unquestionably the most authoritative and comprehensive document on electrical safety and addresses the topic from both a fire and electrocution point of view. The Handbook includes the complete text of the Code provisions along with explanations.
It provides a basis for safety procedures for all electrical hazards associated with lasers. This ANSI standard is included in this listing mainly because a high percentage of industrial facilities require that the eye protection used in their plants meet the ANSI Z 87 requirements. In the past, this basically referred to the "drop ball test" in which a 1-inch diameter ball weighing 2. The new Z In addition, there is a high-mass impact test in which a 1-inch diameter, pointed, heat-treated steel projectile degree cone that weighs These new requirements place far more stringent performance requirements on safety eye wear.
Toggle navigation Emergency Preparedness and Response Home. Glossary of Laser Terms For problems with accessibility in using figures and illustrations in this document, please contact the Office of Science and Technology Assessment at The mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by OSHA or the U.
Figure III Components of a Laser. NOTE: The primary purpose of an exiting laser beam, e. Some laser beams designed for material alteration may be effective some distance from their intended impact point. In this case, the OFCS's are treated as a standard laser system.
Direct exposure on the eye by a beam of laser light should always be avoided with any laser, no matter how low the power. Laser Repair Notice. Absorb To transform radiant energy into a different form, with a resultant rise in temperature. Absorption Transformation of radiant energy to a different form of energy by the interaction of matter, depending on temperature and wavelength.
Accessible Emission Level The magnitude of accessible laser or collateral radiation of a specific wavelength or emission duration at a particular point as measured by appropriate methods and devices. Also means radiation to which human access is possible in accordance with the definitions of the laser's hazard classification.
Aperture An opening through which radiation can pass. Argon A gas used as a laser medium. It emits blue-green light primarily at and nm. Attenuation The decrease in energy or power as a beam passes through an absorbing or scattering medium. Aversion Response Movement of the eyelid or the head to avoid an exposure to a noxious stimulant, bright light. It can occur within 0. Beam A collection of rays that may be parallel, convergent, or divergent. Beam Diameter The distance between diametrically opposed points in the cross section of a circular beam where the intensity is reduced by a factor of e -1 0.
The value is normally chosen at e -2 0. For small angles where the cord is approximately equal to the arc, the beam divergence can be closely approximated by the ratio of the cord length beam diameter divided by the distance range from the laser aperture.
Blink Reflex See aversion response. Brightness The visual sensation of the luminous intensity of a light source. The brightness of a laser beam is most closely associated with the radio-metric concept of radiance. Carbon Dioxide Molecule used as a laser medium. Emits far energy at 10, nm Closed Installation Any location where lasers are used which will be closed to unprotected personnel during laser operation.
CO 2 Laser A widely used laser in which the primary lasing medium is carbon dioxide gas. The output wavelength is It can be operated in either CW or pulsed. Coherence A term describing light as waves which are in phase in both time and space.
Monochromaticity and low divergence are two properties of coherent light. Collimated Light Light rays that are parallel. Collimated light is emitted by many lasers. Diverging light may be collimated by a lens or other device. Collimation Ability of the laser beam to not spread significantly low divergence with distance.
Continuous Mode The duration of laser exposure is controlled by the user by foot or hand switch. Central processing and control. It is also possible to configure, through the user interface, pressure compensation by the built-in sensor.
Failure data. Safety function 1 - This table contains the functional safety data that applies when the safety function is achieved through mA output 1 as fitted to the standard analyzer. Safety instructions General observations The Series Laser must be installed and operated as described in the product manuals and any supporting documentation. Suitable precautions must be taken to ensure that the lens on the analyser are kept clean, such as use of purged gas as described in the product manuals.
It is recognised that this analyzer will be used in a variety of applications. It is the user's responsibility to ensure that it is suitable for any particular application and that it is operated within its specification. In particular, any specific conditions laid down in the Settings After installation and commissioning according to the instructions in the product manuals, the following settings MUST be set to support the safety function.
Please refer to the Operator Manual for step by step instructions on these settings. Note also that a password will typically be required in this process. This is achieved as follows.
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