Here are eight of the most common causes of flooding, both natural and human-induced. And the consequences of flooding can be savage. The simplest explanation for flooding is heavy rains. No matter where you live, you are surrounded by infrastructure and systems designed to move rainwater into appropriate basins and reservoirs.
In most cases, the infrastructure does its job, and you never have to think about where the rain goes when it runs off. In short, the drainage systems back up, and the water rises — sometimes into homes. This typically happens only in cases of sustained heavy rains over a long period. You do not necessarily need to have heavy rains to experience flooding in your area.
For example, if you live along a river and areas upstream from you experience heavy rains, it could lead to a serious overflow where you live. Most larger rivers include a series of dams to help manage large amounts of rainfall, and most river systems are managed by government authorities.
Sometimes, however, those authorities have to make tough decisions about how to operate dams. They often can manage the water and prevent flooding altogether — but not always. When heavy rains come, and water levels rise, aging dams can fail and unleash torrents of water on unsuspecting households. This is part of what happened after Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans in Levees failed and made the flooding far worse than it would have been otherwise.
While we have come to depend on 20th-century architecture, and much of it does its job well, there is always a possibility that a structure will fail.
A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry. In the Jalpaiguri district, due to its topographically low lying situation always had been affected by floods.
The region covers an area The total population of the district is persons Discussion: Jalpaiguri district is endowed with an intensive network of river systems. Most of the rivers are considered to the highly notorious for their unpredictable nature. By this floods thousands of people facing homeless during the rainy reason. Causes of floods: The main causes of floods in Jalpaiguri district over the past decades are - 6. Over grazing: The rules and regulation of grazing rights, privileges, and concessions for forest produce, Minor timber etc, are generous and vary from state to state.
Forest regulations admit such rights. Overloading degrades the watershed sediment discharge like Jalpesh, Tista spur etc and overland flow volume increase from such degraded catchments. The situation becomes more acute in places where livestock population is very high.
Some areas are having this problem of the district and the upper catchments of the main rivers of the Jalpaiguri district facing the problem. This is the major problem of floods in Jalpaiguri district. Deforestation: Deforestation has several environmental affects like air pollution, soil pollution, Climatic change and soil erosion etc. But flood occurrences are very prominent due to the deforestation in the upper and lower catchments of the river basin in the recent years.
Jalpaiguri district is famous for the vast forest tracks and for their luxuriant growth of natural vegetation is facing the problem of large scale deforestation or forest clearings due to the expansion of agricultural lands, tea gardens, roadways, railways, rapid urban isotones or settlements etc. This reckless deforestation also affects the climate of the study area. Surface Mining: Large scale surface mining of minerals for manufacturing of cement and especially for the extraction of dolomites in the Bhutan hills make radical change in river behavior of the Jalpaiguri district.
It is noticed that spilling and massive sand and debris deposition in the multi-cropped agricultural field. This has caused national loss in term of the agricultural and tea productivity and also has adverse effects to the people residing in the adjacent area. Forest fire: Forest department have a practice of administering regulated fire in moist regions for encouraging natural regeneration of teak Tectona grandis , sal Shorea rebusta , deodar Cedras deodars etc.
This is mostly done to check the growth of evergreen tree, shrubs and woods, reduce depth of leaf litter and create a conductive site for the germination and establishment of seedlings. However, the unregulated wild fires are fraught with danger for defecating watershed conditions. Such incidences are numerous. They damage the soil and rob the forest of its productive and protective capacity hence, the normal hydrological functioning of the forest watershed gets upset.
Landslides: Compared to the mountains in the Deccan plateau or central India, the Himalayan ranges experience serious landslides. No systematic or reliable data are available on the extent of the problem and the amount of sit contributed from this source.
Therefore, the volume of debris contributed by the slides along the Himalayan roads may furnish a first approximation of the silt estimates contributed from this source, though numerous landslides occurring in inaccessible areas will remain beyond any possible estimation.
Under the circumstances, an effort may be made to give a partial view of the serious problem of land slide infesting the entire stretch of the upper catchments of the flood prone rivers of the Brahmaputra river systems. Due to its characteristic geological formations and being in the seismic region, the problem in the upper catchments is however, quite complex.
Rapid urbanization: Rapid urbanization in the Jalpaiguri district is experienced since long back. Jalpaiguri town is a divisional town from the British period and the district as a whole is well connected with Bangladesh before partition.
Because of overwhelming carriage capacity the walls can become weak and break and in the adjacent areas breaking of the dam can cause heavy and sudden flooding.
When the embankment built along the sides of the river to stop high water from flowing onto the land breaks then flooding occurs and sometimes excess water from the dam is released which may cause flooding. During the winter season ice and snow build up in the cold regions and when the temperature rises in summer ice and snow stars melting which transfers the water to the drylands which may cause floods.
The mountain areas have ice on top of them and in the summer when the ice starts melting and causes flood in lower areas and this is also called snowmelt flooding. When snowmelt or rainfall runoff cannot be channeled properly in the drainage systems which forces the water to flow over the land can result in flooding and cause of this type of flooding is clogged or lack of proper drainage system.
Until the storm-water systems or waterways are rectified the areas remain flooded and if the proper drainage system is not provided the area remains flooded until the water evaporates. Your email address will not be published. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Now Trending: Waterlogging its 5 Types
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